1.Describe characteristics of different chemical reactions.
Ans: There are different types of chemicals reacions but it mostly depends on the substances you are mixing. For example, one of them would be an acid-base reaction, This is when an acid and a base are placed together and cause a reaction, producing salt, carbon dioxide, and water. Another one would be a reaction that relates to fire, also know as combustion reactions. A sample of this would be when you light a matchstick on fire. When striking the match against the box, friction is produced and the powdered glass and red phosphorus ignites and releases heat thus reacting with oxygen. This is an invisible reaction because you can't really see it because it is so tiny but you could view it closely by using different technology tools.This is an exothermic reaction, which is when heat is released in some form. An opposite of this reaction would an endothermic reaction. An example of this would when we mixing baking soda, cream of tartar(baking powder) and water. The chemical formula for baking power would be NaHCO3 and the chemical formula for water would be H2O. It starts to bubble up/fizz creating a reaction. Other types of reactions would include combination or synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, etc.
2.Describe the chemical makeup of baking powder.
Ans: The chemicals that make up baking powder is baking soda (NaHCO3) and cream of tartar (KC4H5O6). Baking soda is an acid and cream of tartar is a base. Together when these two are combined, it produces baking powder.
3.Describe the process you used to determine the unknown substance.
Ans: The procedure we used to find out the unknown substance needed teamwork. First of all, we spread all of the powders on the sheet. Then we added the liquids on them and recorded our results and took pictures along the way. Afterward, we put the unknown powder on the sheet and did the same. We checked to see if there were any similar results and we found with any of the other substances. We found out that there were alike outcomes between the baking powder and the unknown powder. Then we tested it out again to make sure and we ended up with similar reactions. They included fizzing, alike colors like greenish blue and for some no reactions. Then we realized that the unknown powder was baking soda.
4.Describe the process you used to determine which two substances make up baking powder.
Ans: First, we looked at our results for baking powder and from the other experiment. Then we looked at the powders to see if any of them looked alike. None of them did so then we decided to mix some powders together. For example, baking soda and cornstarch, cream of tartar and cornstarch, baking soda and cream of tartar etc. Then we added the liquids to see if there were similar results and sure enough there were. In the end, we learned that baking powder was made up of baking soda and cream of tartar.
5.What are some important safety considerations for a Middle School Chemistry lab?
Ans: Some of the important safety rules include wearing safety clothing like gloves, a lab coat, lab glasses etc. Another one would be to know what you are working with at all times. Sometimes, if you drop a substance on your skin, it could be harmful and cause injuries. You should also not eat on mess around with any of the chemicals. Also, following directions is an important step in the lab. You need to do what you are expected to do rather than doing the wrong things that can cause harm. Others would include no horseplay, always have assistance, etc.
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| The results from our lab. (Finding the unknown substance) |
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| Baking soda and water reaction. |
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